Abstract Objectives We aimed to explore the heterogeneity and differentiation trajectories of epithelial cells and NK/T-cells in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC). Methods We downloaded the GSE150321 data set containing LSCC01 and LSCC02 samples single cell RNA data from Gene Expression Omnibus. The UMAP analysis was performed to identify the cell subpopulations and cell locations of subpopulations. Seurat package was used to analyze the differential expression of genes. The function of differential expression genes was analyzed using DAVID database. The monocle2 package was used to analyze differentiation trajectories. We used the CellChat package to observe the signaling pathways and ligand-receptor pairs for epithelial cells and NK/T-cells. Results All the LSCC cells were divided into 16 subpopulation that included 7 epithelial cell subsets, 3 T-cell subsets. The function analysis indicated that epithelial cells and NK/T-cells mainly participated in different process, such as cell cycle, immune response, and cell migration. Then, the results of differentiation trajectory indicated that the ability of migration, and the activation of the immune system increases, while the ability of apoptosis, and glucose metabolic process decreases as pseudotime. Migration-related epithelial cells act on all T-cells via the CNTN2-CNTN2 ligand-receptor pair, which suggested that CNTN2 might be an important biomarker for regulating migration of epithelial cells. Conclusions Our study characterized the heterogeneity of LSCC, which provided novel insights into LSCC and identified a new mechanism and target for clinical LSCC threapies. Evidence IV.

Abstract Motor bearings are prone to different degrees of performance degradation, fatigue damage and failure undergoing complex and harsh environments. Vibration signal analysis is a mature method for diagnosing motor bearing faults, while it is not applicable for installing additional vibration sensors on many occasions. Practically, the fault of motor bearings changes the air gap flux between the rotor and stator, which leads to harmonic fluctuations in the stator current. The current signals can be used to diagnose the motor bearing faults without additional sensors. Inevitably the harmonics caused by the motor bearing faults will be coupled with the original signals. This paper combines bi-spectrum and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to analyze the current signals of motor bearing faults. The CNN diagnosis model is trained based on the local bi-spectrum of current, and the CNN parameters are optimized. Diagnose and analyze motor bearing faults with different fault implantation methods, working conditions, fault degrees and fault locations. The diagnostic accuracy reaches more than 80%.

ABSTRACT To explore the functions of Txnip and its mechanism in adipocyte differentiation, the preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of three-day-old piglets and induced into adipogenic differentiation. The expression of Txnip and ChREBP was silenced, and the Txnip overexpression was achieved in the cells with transfection of the recombinant lentivirus strategies. Txnip silencing promoted the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and PPARγ expression, and a PPARγ inhibitor reduced this facilitation. Instead, Txnip overexpression exerted a suppressive effect on the cell differentiation and PPARγ expression, and the PPARγ agonist offset this inhibition. High glucose stimulated the preadipocyte differentiation and expressions of ChREBP and Txnip. In contrast, Txnip expression was reduced by ChREBP silencing, suggesting glucose-regulated Txnip expression through the mediation of ChREBP. Moreover, the expressions of ChREBP and Glut4 induced by high glucose and glucose uptake of the cells were reduced by Txnip-overexpression, but increased by Txnip silencing, while these changes of Txnip did not alter their expressions under low glucose. Collectively, Txnip could be an inhibitor of porcine preadipocyte differentiation, which attenuated the adipogenesis through the negative feedback regulation on PPARγ. Txnip impaired the induction of glucose on the preadipocyte differentiation through decreasing Glut4 expression and glucose uptake and subsequent decrease of the expression and transcriptional activity of ChREBP. threedayold three day old silenced strategies facilitation Instead inhibition contrast glucoseregulated regulated Moreover Glut Txnipoverexpression, Txnipoverexpression overexpression, Txnip-overexpression Collectively

Abstract To study the caramel reactions of disaccharides with water, the type I maltose caramel products (MCPs) and sucrose caramel products (SCPs) at three reaction stages were yielded and their reaction rates, UV absorptions, flavor compounds, and antioxidant activities were also detected. It was found that the caramel reactions of sucrose were faster than those of maltose and their reaction rates quickly increased to a high level in the middle stage. UV absorption of SCP in the late stage at 305 nm was much stronger than those of MCPs. Both the MCP and SCP obtained at 180 °C and 4 min had the highest concentrations of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and total flavor compounds. Moreover, the total flavor concentrations of SCPs were much larger than those of MCPs and the antioxidant effects of SCPs were also stronger. Thus, a preferred condition for both two disaccharide caramel reactions was suggested at 180 °C for 4 min and the sucrose caramels could give better flavors than maltose caramels.

The polystyrene sulfonic acid resin catalysts were fabricated, containing elements of Cl and Mg through oxidization and impregnation, and they were characterized by EDS, FT-IR spectra, Py-IR spectra, UV spectra, XPS and TGA to investigate their physiochemical properties. The catalytic performances of these catalysts were examined in the esterification reaction of succinic acid with n-butanol, and the catalytic results showed that modified resins exhibited the highest catalytic activity and achieved a high yield of dibutyl succinate (91.6%) in addition, the modified resin generated new Lewis acid sites and showed significantly higher thermal stability. The experimental results demonstrated that the Mg2+ coordinated with a sulfonic acid group to form stable active sites, which effectively decreased the deactivation caused by the thermal degradation of sulfonic acid. Moreover, the monomer structures of polystyrene sulfonic acid resin and modified polystyrene sulfonic acid resin have been modelled using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) approximation.

Abstract Chaetoglobosin A is an antibacterial compound produced by Chaetomium globosum, with potential application as a biopesticide and cancer treatment drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing cornstalks to produce chaetoglobosin A by C. globosum W7 in solid-batch fermentation and to determine an optimal method for purification of the products. The output of chaetoglobosin A from the cornstalks was 0.34 mg/g, and its content in the crude extract was 4.80%. Purification conditions were optimized to increase the content of chaetoglobosin A in the crude extract, including the extract solvent, temperature, and pH value. The optimum process conditions were found to be acetone as the extractant, under room temperature, and at a pH value of 13. Under these conditions, a production process of the antifungal chaetoglobosin A was established, and the content reached 19.17%. Through further verification, cornstalks could replace crops for the production of chaetoglobosin A using this new production process. Moreover, the purified products showed great inhibition against Rhizoctonia solani, with chaetoglobosin A confirmed as the main effective constituent (IC50 = 3.88 µg/mL). Collectively, these results demonstrate the feasibility of using cornstalks to synthesize chaetoglobosin A and that the production process established in this study was effective.

In this study, we analyzed the environmental (physical and chemical) and biological (phytoplankton) data obtained from the Daya Bay, South China Sea, during 4 cruises, carried out in January, April, August and October, 2001. The main objective of this study was to identify the key environmental factors affecting phytoplankton structure in the bay. The results suggest that environmental factors like temperature and nutrients ratios have great influence on phytoplankton succession. Environmental factors are affected by the combination of human activities and nature processes. The limiting factor transited from N limiting in winter to P limiting in spring. Hydrodynamic processes (mixing in winter and stratification in summer) seem to be another main driving force for phytoplankton growth. The diatoms were the dominant group during most of the year and the dominant species were Chaetoceros affinis, Chaetoceros lorenzianus, and Nitzschia pungens all the year round.

En este estudio, se analizaron datos ambientales (físicos y químicos) y biológicos (fitoplancton) obtenidos de Bahía Daya, Mar de China Meridional, durante 4 cruceros, llevados a cabo en enero, abril, agosto y octubre de 2001. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar los factores ambientales clave que afectan la estructura del fitoplancton de la bahía. Los resultados sugieren que los factores ambientales como la temperatura y la proporción de nutrientes tienen una gran influencia en la sucesión del fitoplancton. Los factores ambientales son afectados por una combinación de actividades humanas y procesos naturales. El factor limitante pasó de N en invierno a P en primavera. Los procesos hidrodinámicos (mezcla en invierno y estratificación en verano) parecen ser otro factor forzante para el crecimiento del fitoplancton. Las diatomeas fueron el grupo dominante durante gran parte del año y las especies dominantes fueron Chaetoceros affinis, Chaetoceros lorenzianus, y Nitzschia pungens durante todo el año.

OBJECTIVE: To report the epidemiological trends of leprosy in China from 1949 to 1998. METHODS: Data for the study were obtained from the computerized database of the National System of Leprosy Surveillance. FINDINGS: A total of 474 774 leprosy patients were detected during this 50-year period. Case detection rates per 100 000 population were highest in the 1950s and 1960s, with peaks appearing in 1957-58, 1963-66, 1969-70, and 1983-84, corresponding to mass surveys or screening surveys carried out in most areas or selected areas of the country. While the duration of the disease at the time of detection fell over the period, the disability rates, which were >50% in the early 1950s, have decreased gradually to 20.8% by 1997-98 but are still too high. More than 50% of cases were found through active methods in the periods 1955-58, 1965-66, and 1969-76, but in recent years cases are mostly detected through dermatological clinics or by voluntary reporting. The peak prevalences of the 1960s (i.e. >2 per 10 000 population) decreased annually from the 1970s onwards. By the end of 1998 the prevalence was 0.05 per 10 000 population. CONCLUSION: This study shows that leprosy was well controlled in China and that the WHO goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem has been achieved at the national and subnational levels. However, leprosy is still unevenly distributed in the country. According to the criterion for leprosy elimination in China - defined as a prevalence of <1 per 100 000 in county or city - there are still more than 10% of counties or cities where this target has not yet been reached. Special attention must therefore be given to achieve elimination and final eradication of leprosy in China.

OBJETIVO: Informar sobre las tendencias epidemiológicas de la lepra en China entre 1949 y 1998. MÉTODOS: Los datos empleados en el estudio se obtuvieron a partir de la base de datos computadorizada del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de la Lepra. RESULTADOS: Durante el periodo de 50 años considerado se detectaron en total 474 774 enfermos de lepra. Las tasas de detección de casos por 100 000 habitantes fueron máximas durante los años 50 y 60, con picos en 1957-1958, 1963-1966, 1969-1970 y 1983-1984, correspondientes a encuestas o cribados masivos llevados a cabo en la mayoría de las regiones o en determinadas zonas del país. Si bien la duración de la enfermedad en el momento de la detección disminuyó a lo largo del periodo considerado, las tasas de discapacidad, que eran superiores al 50% a principios de los años 50, se han reducido gradualmente hasta situarse en el 20,8% en 1997-1998, pero son aún demasiado altas. Más del 50% de los casos se detectaron mediante métodos activos durante los periodos de 1955-1958, 1965-1966 y 1969-1976, pero en los últimos años los casos se han detectado principalmente en dispensarios de dermatología o por notificación espontánea. Las prevalencias máximas alcanzadas en los años 60 (esto es, > 2 por 10 000 habitantes) disminuyeron cada año a partir de la década de 1970. A finales de 1998 la prevalencia era de 0,05 por 10 000 habitantes. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio muestra que la lepra estaba bien controlada en China, y que a nivel nacional y subnacional se ha alcanzado la meta de la OMS de eliminar esa enfermedad como problema de salud pública. Sin embargo, la enfermedad sigue estando desigualmente distribuida en el país. Si nos atenemos al criterio establecido para considerar eliminada la lepra en China - prevalencia inferior a 1 por 100 000 habitantes en un distrito o ciudad -, queda aún más de un 10% de distritos o ciudades donde aún no se ha alcanzado esa meta. Así pues, hay que extremar la atención para lograr la eliminación y la erradicació n final de la lepra en China.

OBJECTIF: Rapporter les tendances épidémiologiques de la lèpre en Chine de 1949 à 1998. MÉTHODES: Les données utilisées dans l’étude proviennent de la base de données informatisée du système national de surveillance de la lèpre. RÉSULTATS: Pendant cette période s’étendant sur 50 ans, 474 774 cas de lèpre ont été détectés. Les taux de détection des cas pour 100 000 habitants ont été les plus élevés pendant les années 50 et 60, et ont présenté des pics en 1957-1958, 1963-1966, 1969-1970 et 1983-1984, périodes qui correspondent à des enquêtes à grande échelle ou à des campagnes de dépistage organisées dans la plupart des régions du pays ou seulement dans certaines d’entre elles. Alors que la durée d’évolution de la maladie au moment de la détection du cas a chuté au cours de la période considérée, les taux d’incapacité, qui dépassaient 50% au début des années 50, se sont abaissés progressivement jusqu’à 20,8% en 1997-1998 mais restent trop élevés. Plus de 50 % des cas ont été détectés par dépistage actif pendant les périodes 1955-1958, 1965-1966 et 1969-1976, mais depuis quelques années ils le sont essentiellement par les dispensaires de dermatologie ou par notification spontanée. Les pics de prévalence observés dans les années 60 (plus de 2 cas pour 10 000 habitants) diminuent chaque année depuis les années 70, et la prévalence à la fin de 1998 était de 0,05 pour 10 000 habitants. CONCLUSION: Cette étude montre que la lèpre a été bien maîtrisée en Chine et que le but fixé par l’OMS de l’élimination de la lèpre en tant que problème de santé publique a été atteint au niveau national et subnational. La maladie reste toutefois inégalement répartie dans le pays. Selon le critère d’élimination de la lèpre en Chine - soit une prévalence inférieure à 1 pour 100 000 habitants dans un district ou une ville - il y a encore plus de 10% des districts ou des villes où l’élimination n’a pas encore été réalisée. Il faut donc accorder une attention spéciale à la réalisation de l’élimination de la lè pre en Chine, puis de son éradication.